New York City, often hailed as the “Big Apple” or simply “The City,” stands as a vibrant symbol of diversity, culture, and innovation. But why is NYC called the Big Apple? The term was first propagated by John J. Fitz Gerald, a sportswriter for the New York Morning Telegraph, in the 1920s. He used it to describe New York City’s prominent horse racing circuit, referring to it as the “big apples” of competitive racing in the United States. Let’s check the full history of New York City in detail.
When considering the pros and cons of living in New York, its rich history and abundant opportunities stand out. New York State offers unparalleled educational and economic prospects, making it an attractive destination for those seeking personal and professional growth. However, the high cost of living and fast-paced lifestyle may deter some individuals from calling New York home.
Why do people call this city their home? What is New York known for? From its iconic landmarks to its diverse culture, New York is renowned for its aesthetic scene, world-class dining, and dynamic energy. So, let’s step into the fascinating past of New York as we get into its captivating history.
The Early History of New York
Explorers and Early Settlements
In 1524, Italian explorer Giovanni da Verrazano, in service to King Francis I of France, became the first European to catch a glimpse of Manhattan.
Verrazano claimed the land for France but never set foot on it due to harsh weather. His exploration ended tragically when he was eaten by locals in the Lesser Antilles.
Fast forward to 1609, Henry Hudson, an Englishman working for the Dutch East India Company, became the first European to set foot in Manhattan while searching for a passage to India.
Establishment of New Netherland
In 1624, the Dutch West India Company established a permanent colony named New Netherland with 30 families mostly composed of Walloons, French-speaking Protestants fleeing persecution.
The settlers engaged in fur trade with the local Indigenous peoples, and the island of Manhattan was teeming with wildlife.
Birth of New Amsterdam
Peter Minuit took charge in 1625 and renamed the settlement New Amsterdam, moving it to Manhattan. The popular myth of buying Manhattan for trinkets doesn’t hold up historically.
Queens was settled in 1635, Brooklyn in 1654, and the Bronx was purchased in 1639.
Governor Peter Stuyvesant’s Rule
Peter Stuyvesant, known as “Peg Leg Peter,” became the first governor of New Amsterdam in 1647, tasked with making the colony profitable.
New Amsterdam officially became a city in 1653, with Stuyvesant building a protective wall along what is now Wall Street to safeguard against English invasion.
First Jewish Settlers and Harlem’s Establishment
In 1654, the first Jewish settlers arrived in New Amsterdam, fleeing persecution in Europe.
Harlem, named after the Dutch city of Haarlem, was established in 1658, attracting a diverse population of settlers.
Transformation into New York
In 1664, New Amsterdam peacefully surrendered to the English, becoming New York in honor of the Duke of York.
New York was divided into counties in 1682, with the Battery receiving its name and the Church of England becoming the official religion in 1693.
Trinity Church and Birth of Free Press
Trinity Church, the first Anglican Church in the city, was built in 1697 and granted land, becoming one of the wealthiest churches in the world.
In 1735, Peter Zenger’s trial marked the birth of the free press when he was acquitted of seditious libel for criticizing a corrupt governor.
Education and Parks
King’s College, chartered in 1754, would later become Columbia University, adding to the city’s intellectual landscape.
In 1733, Bowling Green became the city’s first park, transitioning from a cattle market to a public space.
Declaration of Independence and Revolution
The Continental Congress declares independence from Britain on July 4th, 1776, igniting the American Revolution.
New York City becomes a focal point as British forces amass in the harbor and George Washington reads the Declaration to his troops.
The American Revolution sees battles like the Battle of Brooklyn, leading to Washington’s strategic retreat from Manhattan.
American Revolutionary War
King George III sends a formidable force to quell the rebellion, resulting in a war led by General Washington against British forces.
Despite initial setbacks, including the loss at the Battle of Brooklyn, Washington’s strategic retreat preserves his army for future engagements.
The war ends in 1783 with the Peace Treaty of Paris, recognizing the independence of the 13 colonies and marking the end of British rule.
New York as the Capital
New York City becomes the first capital of the newly independent nation from 1785 to 1790.
Hosting the Congress of the Confederation, New York serves as the political center during a pivotal period of national development.
The city’s prominence underscores its significance in the early years of the United States.
George Washington’s Presidency
George Washington, celebrated for his leadership during the Revolution, is unanimously elected as the first President of the United States.
Washington’s inauguration takes place in New York City, where he delivers his inaugural address from the balcony of Federal Hall on Wall Street.
Washington’s two-term presidency set a precedent for democratic governance, marked by his voluntary relinquishment of power after serving his country.
Establishment of the City Grid
In the early 19th century, New York’s population was concentrated below the present-day Civic Center, with Greenwich Village retaining its rural charm.
Anticipating the city’s expansion, commissioners devised a grid plan in 1811 to shape Manhattan’s landscape, facilitating future development.
The grid system, comprising equal blocks set 200 feet apart, spanned from 14th Street to Washington Heights, totaling 2,000 blocks.
Streets ran east to west, avenues south to north, with street and avenue numbers increasing towards the north and west, respectively.
Fifth Avenue emerged as the dividing line between Manhattan’s East Side and West Side.
The War of 1812 and City Hall Construction
The War of 1812 ensued amidst global conflict between Great Britain and Napoleon’s France, with both sides seeking to impede American trade.
British naval impressment, the practice of seizing American seamen for service, further fueled tensions.
Despite initial setbacks, including the burning of Washington, D.C., by British forces, American troops successfully defended New York, Baltimore, and New Orleans.
Many hailed the War of 1812 as a “second war of independence,” fostering national pride and unity in the face of adversity.
Concurrently, the construction of City Hall began, a symbol of New York’s resilience and determination amidst international turmoil.
Central Park Creation
Central Park, America’s first designed urban park, emerged as a response to the absence of open green spaces in the 1811 New York grid.
Architects Calvert Vaux and Frederick Law Olmsted won a design competition with their visionary “Greensward” plan, emphasizing inclusivity and naturalistic beauty.
Olmsted’s innovative design included separate circulation systems for pedestrians, horseback riders, and vehicles, preserving a rustic ambiance.
Featuring 36 unique bridges, Central Park spans 2.5 miles in length and 0.5 miles in width, offering an expansive green oasis in the heart of New York City.
Introduction of Elevated Railway
With New York’s population surpassing one million by 1870, the need for efficient transportation became urgent.
The Ninth Avenue El, New York’s first elevated railway, opened in 1868, marking the beginning of elevated transit in the city.
Despite providing luxurious travel for passengers, the elevated railway posed challenges for residents along its route due to noise, loss of privacy, and pollution.
Subsequent lines, including the Second, Third, and Sixth Avenue Els, expanded New York’s elevated transit network, transforming urban mobility.
Brooklyn Bridge and Eastern European Immigration
The Brooklyn Bridge, an architectural marvel, became the world’s longest suspension bridge upon its completion in 1883, linking Manhattan and Brooklyn.
Concurrently, a wave of immigration from Eastern Europe reshaped New York’s cultural landscape, enriching the city’s diversity.
Symbolizing friendship between France and the United States, the Statue of Liberty, “Liberty Enlightening the World,” was unveiled in 1886 as a gift to commemorate American independence.
Establishment of Greater New York
As the 19th century drew to a close, the consolidation of New York’s five boroughs formed the sprawling metropolis of Greater New York.
Broadway, synonymous with the city’s vibrant culture and iconic landmarks, officially became the name of New York’s most famous street.
The establishment of Greater New York symbolized the city’s evolution into a global economic and cultural powerhouse, setting the stage for the dynamic growth of the 20th century.
Turn Of The Century
Subway Inauguration and Times Square Naming
On October 27, 1904, Mayor George B. McClellan inaugurated the New York City subway system, with the first train departing from City Hall station.
The subway opened to the public later that evening, witnessing over 150,000 passengers riding through the underground tunnels.
During this transformative period, Times Square emerged as a vibrant cultural epicenter in Midtown Manhattan, solidifying its status as one of the must-visit places in New York.
Manhattan Bridge and Met Life Tower
In 1909, the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower claimed the title of the world’s tallest structure, standing tall as a symbol of architectural achievement.
The tower held this distinction for four years until it was surpassed by the Woolworth Building.
Simultaneously, the Manhattan Bridge, an engineering marvel, connected Manhattan and Brooklyn, enhancing transportation and connectivity between the boroughs.
New York Public Library: Beacon of Knowledge
The New York Public Library (NYPL), established through philanthropic contributions, stands as a cornerstone of knowledge and research.
Planning a trip to New York? Don’t miss the opportunity to explore the New York Public Library (NYPL). With its vast collection spanning 75 miles of bookshelves, including works by Isaac Bashevis Singer, E.L. Doctorow, and Norman Mailer, the NYPL offers a captivating glimpse into the city’s rich literary heritage.
Contributions from philanthropists like Samuel J. Tilden, John Jacob Astor, and James Lenox facilitated the library’s creation, fostering a legacy of learning and exploration for generations to come.
To Conclude:
In the 21st century, New York City continued to flourish, with significant landmarks opening their doors, such as One Looking to visit New York on a budget? Despite its status as a global financial center, there are plenty of budget tips for visiting New York. Explore landmarks like the World Trade Center, including the Transportation Center, which opened in 2016, to experience the city’s resilience and innovation without breaking the bank.
The city’s importance extends beyond commerce; it is also a cultural epicenter and a top tourist destination. Hosting prestigious institutions like the United Nations headquarters, the New York Stock Exchange, and renowned museums and theaters, including the Metropolitan Opera and Broadway, New York City serves as a beacon of creativity and innovation.
Cultural landmarks in New York abound, offering visitors a rich tapestry of experiences. From the iconic Statue of Liberty to the vibrant neighborhoods of Harlem and Greenwich Village, there’s something for everyone to explore. And when is the best time to visit New York? With its four distinct seasons, each offering its own charm, there’s never a dull moment in the city that never sleeps.
With institutions like New York University, Columbia University, and the Juilliard School of Music, the city nurtures academic excellence and artistic talent. Its vibrant jazz scene, featuring iconic venues like the Blue Note and Village Vanguard, further underscores New York’s cultural richness and diversity.
Tourist attractions in New York are plentiful, catering to every interest and preference. Whether you’re strolling through Central Park, marveling at the architectural wonders of the Empire State Building, or indulging in a Broadway show, there’s no shortage of things to see and do in the city that never fails to captivate.
New York City’s identity as a melting pot of cultures is deeply ingrained, with generations of immigrants contributing to its dynamic. From its inception, the city has embraced newcomers, embodying the ideals of acceptance and opportunity encapsulated in the famous lines, “Give me your tired, your poor…” These diverse contributions have shaped New York into a global powerhouse, earning its reputation as the greatest city in the world.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the basic history of New York City?
The history of New York City began when it was still known as New Amsterdam, a Dutch settlement in the early 17th century. After taking control of the city in 1664, the English renamed it New York. It witnessed important historical events like the Revolutionary War. It served as the country’s first capital over several centuries. New York City has been influenced by waves of immigration, famous attractions, and a diverse social fabric to become a global financial and cultural catalyst today.
What was New York originally called?
When Dutch settlers first established New York City in the early 17th century, it was known as New Amsterdam. After the English overthrew the Dutch in 1664, the city was officially rechristened New York in reverence of the Duke of York, who would go on to become King James II of England, as part of the peace treaty terms.
This transfer of authority from the Dutch to the English was a turning point in the city’s history. It paved the way for New York’s rise to prominence as a major center of the arts, politics, and economy in the centuries that followed. The name change established the groundwork for the city’s rich and enduring legacy while also reflecting the geopolitical climate of the era.
What is New York known for in history?
New York has a long history of playing important roles in the formation of the United States. It was the location of George Washington’s inauguration as the first President and the country’s first capital following the Revolutionary War. The city’s advantageous location made it a major participant in trade and industry, which aided in the creation of the Erie Canal and made it a major player in the economy. Major immigration waves contributed to New York’s cultural diversity and made the city a melting pot of cultures. Its historical significance is further symbolized by iconic locations like Ellis Island and the Statue of Liberty, which stand as symbols of opportunity and freedom.
Why is New York so historical?
Because it was there at crucial junctures in American history, New York is deeply historical. Having served as the country’s first capital and hosting George Washington’s swearing-in, the city was essential to the formation of the US. The Erie Canal and other vital infrastructure were developed as a result of its advantageous location, which promoted economic growth.
Its distinctive cultural mosaic was formed by the steady stream of emigration it drew. Free will and opportunity are eternally symbolized by landmarks such as the Statue of Liberty. New York has also contributed to cultural and democratic movements through happenings like the Stonewall riots and the Harlem Renaissance. Rich economic, political, and cultural strands are interwoven throughout the city’s history like a well-written ballad.
